Mt 460-02 Management Policy and Strategy Free Essays

Unit Seven Scotts Miracle-Gro Case Study Analysis XXX Kaplan University MT 460-02 Management Policy and Strategy Dr. Carrie A. O’Hare April 22, 2013 Unit Seven Scotts Miracle-Gro Case Study Analysis Introduction The submitted report distinguishes Scotts Miracle-Gro’s qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers (SWOT) (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mt 460-02 Management Policy and Strategy or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now 140). Key issues will be investigated concerning Scotts Miracle-Gro’s outer condition and arrangements created to amplify its chances or limit its greatest dangers. This complete investigation will used to enhance the organization and its customers. Rundown (Background) of the Situation The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (Scotts), situated in Marysville, Ohio, was framed by a 1995 merger of Miracle-Gro and the Scotts Company (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 26-1). The merger made Scotts the biggest organization in the North American yard and nursery industry just as the world’s driving provider and advertiser of buyer items for do-it-without anyone else's help grass and nursery care (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 26-1). The Scotts Company was established in 1868 by Orlando McLean Scott as a purveyor of sans weed seeds. By 1879, Scotts had broadened into dispersion of pony drawn homestead gear and furthermore began a mail-request ranch seed circulation channel. Scotts started offering grass seeds for gardens in 1907, dispersing through retail directs starting in 1924 (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 26-1). In 1928, Scotts presented Turf Builder, the main manure explicitly intended for grass and began its spreader business with the presentation of drop spreaders in 1930; communicate spreaders were turned out in 1983 (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 6-1). Scotts procured Republic Tool Manufacturing Company in 1992 and picked up abilities in all out quality authority over spreader assembling (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 26-1). Responsibility for firm changed hands a few times, starting in 1971 when ITT purchased Scotts from the Scotts family. In 1986, an utilized purchase out (LBO) made Scotts a privately owned business again for a period, until 1992, when its stock began exchanging on the NASDAQ (Pearce Robinson, 2 011, p. 26-2). Marvel Gro was established in 1951 by Horace Hagedon (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 26-2). In contrast to Scotts, Miracle-Gro had no inward creation; all creation was redistributed to contract makers. Prior to the 1995 merger with Scotts, Miracle Gro was at that point a main brand in the grass care compound industry (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 26-2). By mid 2000, Scotts Miracle-Gro items were No. 1 in each significant class and in for all intents and purposes each significant market where they contended (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 26-2). Key Issues The three key issues confronting Scott’s are expanded residential creation costs, reliance on enormous scaled clients, and productivity beneath showcase normal. The relatively high plant and work expenses of the Temecula plant keeps on being an issue to the development of Scott’s Miracle-Gro. The key issues rotate around the possibility that that is has gotten costly to deliver compost spreaders and grass seed by Scott’s Temecula plant. Another shortcoming that has been recognized is Scott’s over ward to clients, for example, Home Depot and Wal-Mart, which represent 61% of the company’s deals (Mays, 2012). These huge purchasers have requested an adjustment in strategy and creation by â€Å"leaner inventories to end their monetary years just as to draw shipments nearer to the beginning of the yard and nursery season (Mays, 2012). Scott’s likewise has encountered lower deals in the global section, tumbling 21 percent, while additionally missing income focuses in 2011 because of deals declining by - 2%, a 8% miss (Mays, 2012). Characterize the Problem The principle issue to Scott’s survivability and wellbeing is the expanding cost of creation for the Temecula plant, which fabricates items for Scott’s Miracle-Gro. These expanding costs are driven by the higher work costs. These expanded expenses are additionally related to more significant expenses for crude materials, vitality costs, and higher state charges. Elective Solutions The three potential answers for reducing this issue is re-appropriating, recruiting lower pursued specialists, or somewhat lower wages and offer rewards for meeting certain achievements. Redistributing to China may not be the best arrangement since it would bring costs up in the appropriation channel, which is certainly not an attractive result as long as possible. Additionally recruiting an outside work-power ready to acknowledge a lower pay could imperil quality however the new representatives can be told on the most proficient method to give quality when fabricating the items which would produce a momentary increment in costs for preparing. The other option is to move the arrangement to all the more neighborly assembling state and marginally lower current employees’ compensation on the off chance that it is viewed as that they are higher, and furthermore to recognize zones where cash can be spared. This would hold human capital which has prompted profitability enhancements which have arrived at the midpoint of six percent for every year (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 26-4). In this segment, you show your mastery by distinguishing several unique approaches to tackle the difficult you recognized in the past area! Chosen Solution to the Problem The most practical and reasonable arrangement is move creation outside of California. Zones where expenses can be spared are in the conveyance of the items and in the obtainment of crude materials. Scott’s should look for territories where costs can be brought down and costs cut yet that doesn't lessen representative spirit and employment fulfillment which can adversely affect profitability. The express that has been chosen is Utah which has option to-work law on the books which means lower work costs, Utah additionally has a great administrative atmosphere and Utah’s 5% level corporate assessment rate is one of the most reduced in the nation (Badenhausen, 2012). Execution Internal Stakeholders|  | External Stakeholders | Accounting-Assess spending plan |  | Customers-e. . Wal-Mart, Lowes, Home Depot| Operations-Calculate expenses of operational procedures |  | Suppliers †Local and current crude material suppliers| Procurement-Calculate the expenses of buying material |  | Regulatory organizations Local government agency| Human Resources-Calculate wages and advantages of current representatives, the board, and administrators. Distinguish preparing for new plant. Make advantage bundle to hold current representatives. |  | Natives-Local community| Legal Department-Develop and audit contracts for new offices and providers.  | | Information Technology-Develop arrange for gracefully chain, activities and deals. Keep up respectability of database|  | | Initiating Process Group-Time outline Within one month * Project Integration Management * Reason-Develop Project Charter * Project Communications Management * Reason-Identify Stakeholders Planning Process Group Time outline Within one month (to run simultaneous to the inception procedure) * Project Scope Management: (Within about fourteen days) Reason-Define Scope (Moving plant tasks and dispersion) and Create a work breakdown structure (WBS) * Project Procurement: (Within about fourteen days after venture is characterized) * Reason-Plan Procurements (Where, who, and how much crude materials will cost if plant is moved) * Project Risk Management: (Within about fourteen days after undertaking is characterized) * Reason-Plan Risk Management, Identify Risks, Plan Risk Responses, and Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis * Project Human Resources Management: (Within about fourteen days after undertaking is characterized) * Reason-Develop Human Resource Plan-(Calculate wages and advantages of current representatives, the executives, and administrators. Distinguish preparing for new plant. Make advantage bundle to hold current workers. ) * Project Quality Management: (Within about fourteen days after task is characterized) * Reason-Plan Quality-Ensure the successful structure of procedures that check client needs, plan item life cycle andâ design, create and convey the item or administration. Venture Cost Management: (Within one month of undertaking extension) * Reason-Estimate Costs and Determine Budget * Project Time Management: (Within about fourteen days after task is characterized) * Reason-Define Activities, Sequence Activities, Develop Schedule, Estimate Activ ity Durations, and Estimate Activity Resources * Project Integration: (Within one month of venture scope) * Reason-Develop Project Management Plan Executing Process Group Time outline Within a half year of finishing the arranging stage * Project Quality Management: * Reason-Perform Quality Assurance (5% improvement from earlier year) * Project Procurement Management: * Reason-Conduct Procurements (10% decrease in acquisition) * Project Human Resource Management: Reason-Acquire Project Team, Develop Project Team, and Manage Project Team * Project Communications Management: * Reason-Distribute Information and Manage Stakeholder Expectations (30% decrease in labor costs and 20% speed up) * Project Integration Management: * Reason-Direct Manage Project Execution Monitoring and Controlling Process Group Time outline Within a half year * Project Scope Management * Reason-Verify Scope, Control Scope * Project Procurement Management * Reason-Administer Procurements * Project Risk Management * Reason-Monitor Control Risks * Project Communications Management * Reason-Report Performance * Project Quality Management Reason-Perform Quality Control * Project Cost Management * Reason-Control Costs * Project Time Management * Reason-Control Schedule * Project Integration * Reason-Monitor Control Project Work and Perform Integrated Change Control Closing Process Group Time outline Within nine months of finishing the arranging stage * Project Scope Man

Cars Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Vehicles Safety - Essay Example That is on the grounds that individuals today are too languid to even consider evening put some vitality in slowing down, and car organizations are reacting to it. The advancement of brakes from manual to control brakes, and from bike to four-wheeler brakes makes that self-evident. The slowing mechanism of a standard vehicle comprises of circle slows down just as drum brakes. Circle brakes include a metal plate that turns with the wheel, and two brake cushions held in calipers confronting the plate. At the point when the break pedal is squeezed, water powered liquid powers the cushions to rub against the circle, therefore preventing the plate from revolution. Drum brakes include a metal chamber that spins with the wheel, and two brake shoes. The shoes are bended bits of metal fixed with grinding material made of asbestos or some other material that can oppose the warmth created by the erosion. At the point when the break pedal is squeezed, the pressure driven liquid powers the shoes on the drum, and the erosion encourages the wheel to stop. This intricate arrangement of brakes makes it simple for the driver to stop the vehicle; subsequently, any mistake in this framework is a significant reason forever taking mishaps. (MacVicar; Wyatt, Vol.2, 570-571, 1990) Another significant wellbeing highlight in a car is airbags. Today, pretty much every cantina vehicle has at any rate four airbags accommodated the travelers. It spares lives truly, however a few people think they are all the more a migraine. They are the individuals who hit their vehicles regularly and the airbag jumps out even on the scarcest knock. It develops out of the guiding wheel or the entryways at whatever point the vehicle is hit hard enough to cause a physical issue. It was an achievement in vehicle security when propelled appropriately in 1998, yet had a few downsides that showed up later. The airbag is made of nylon and is loaded up with nitrogen gas on impact. At the point when the vehicle is hit, crash sensors initiate the inflator that fills the pack with nitrogen promptly sending it. In spite of the fact that they are a lifeline in significant mishaps, they have been known to handily harm the traveler. The speed with which it is sent can be answerable for injury to the traveler's facial highlights like breakage of the nose or injury to the eye because of scenes. This makes the airbag a downside in circumstances where it jumps out on slight hits. Furthermore, it tends to be destructive to youngsters and elderly individuals. Along these lines, the travelers ought to be situated as distant from the airbag organization territory as could be expected under the circumstances, and the waterway should point it towards his chest rather than the head. Additionally, the utilization of safety belt is obligatory for the airbag to fill its full need. (Mind, 2000) Fantastic vehicle suspension is a significant element for safe driving as it keeps the vehicle in the driver's control. Unequivocally, it expands the street hold of the vehicle along these lines amplifying the controlling security just as solaces the travelers with safeguards. The nonappearance of flawlessly level streets makes suspensions important to keep travelers from hopping ceaselessly inside the vehicle, and for stable driving, particularly cornering at high speeds. The now immensely accessible force guiding makes it simpler to turn the wheels while safeguards cause a mountain to feel like silk. (Harris, 2005) Tires assume an essential job in expanding street hold of the vehicle just as encouraging the travelers. Tires with legitimate grasp are compulsory for the vehicle to run easily. Loss of hold can be a reason for significant mishaps. It can without much of a stretch be

Kekka dake da!

Kekka dake da! Hello. Its everyones favorite angery boi KING CRIMSON!! I dont really know why I introduced my post like this, but this dudes power (spoiler: he skips time) got me thinking about things that have occurred recently. Namely with my schedule. A few blog posts ago, I said I was taking the following schedule 18.100B (Real Analysis) 21M.301 (Harmony and Counterpoint I) 6.009 (Fundamentals of Programming) 8.02 (Physics II) This schedule lasted less than a week. 21M.301 was overenrolled so I wanted to fill it in with a different class. Ok, I thought, Ill just add another math class. Whats the worst that could happen?? Ha. Ha. Ha. I took 18.06 (Linear Algebra) for about 2 weeks(?) before I had enough of the structure of the class and ditched it. Thats ok though. I was actually excited! I was initially going to write a post about lightening the load and how you can choose to overexert yourself but dont have to! But even my 3 class schedule was crushing me. Namely 18.100B. Ive never done proof-based math before, plus all of the open and closed sets just swirled around my head, confusing me greatly. I jumped ship from the more abstract 18.100B to the more concrete 18.100A, which has been surprisingly helpful. Theyre both Real Analysis, but they just approach it from different viewpoints. At this point, I was happy! 36 unit schedule of three fairly difficult classes! Perfect! I dont need anything else! I was happy for at least a moment. At this point, I started scrambling for another arts/humanties class to take. I emailed at least 3 different professors, getting a response from 1 (just to say the class was full :^) ) Naturally, I decided to complain about this to my friend (who was also dropping and adding classes late into the semester) who then informed me abou 9.00 (Introduction to Psychological Science). A few days before add date (the final day to add classes!) my final schedule was made! 18.100A (Real Analysis) 9.00 (Introduction to Psychological Science) 6.009 8.02 Only 2 classes from my original schedule made it, but its crazy how well this schedule actually works for me. The switch from 18.100A has been very helpful (I can actually do psets), and 9.00 is actually very interesting! At first, I was reluctant to switch my schedule. Part of me felt like I was giving up. Like, I should be pushing myself even harder, but my original schedule would have been absolutely devastating to me.   This schedule isnt easy, but it should be so much more doable! Still, I had that nagging feeling. My partner kept pushing me to drop some of my classes and almost didnt want to believe them. I wanted to believe that I could tough it out. But, I couldnt, and I feel so much better for it! Im at MIT! I make video games for money! My community is amazing (stay tuned for a post about that in the next few weeks, btw)! I dont need to crush myself or prove myself to anyone! And even if I wasnt at MIT, I still wouldnt have anything to prove to anyone. To go back to the angeriest, reddest of bois KC, the reason I thought of him is because of his power (spoiler, for anyone who hasnt seen/read Jojo part 5: everybody except for him does what they are fated to do, but they dont remember doing it. Time essentially skips for them). It doesnt really matter how you get there, the only thing that matters is the result. I went through a lot (seriously, A LOT) of stress to get here, but at the end of the day my final schedule is much, much better then my original one. But Mimi, you think to yourself, why not relate it to a conservative force? Or some other science-y, math-y topic? Dont look at this :( grrrrrrrr. I said dont!!! Why??? :((((( Dont ask ._.

Before Delving Into The Similarities And Differences Of

Before delving into the similarities and differences of each country’s approach to teaching math, the article first discusses some of the cultural differences between the way teaching, as a profession, is viewed in Japan, the way teachers are trained to become teachers and how the Japanese school system differs from that of the United States. The article then focuses on several components that contribute to the ways math is taught, the role of homework and seatwork and how each are viewed, the materials teachers choose to use to teach their lessons and how they use them, the ultimate goal of each lesson and how the classroom set up varies from country to country. Each aspect is given its own section and focuses on the differences of each†¦show more content†¦Japanese teachers do not create their lessons based upon a series of steps they intend to complete but by how they predict students will interpret the problem they present to them at every step. Japanese teachers do not tell their students to what to do or how to approach a problem. Instead, they place more emphasis on challenging the students to figure out all the possible ways that they could solve a problem and let them work through it themselves before discussing their findings as an entire class (Hiebert, et al., 2003). In this manner, the students are applying concepts that they have learned from previous lessons in order to come to a solution towards a problem that they have never seen before. Once they have done this, it is believed that they can provide evidence as to why a problem is correct. In short, it is the Japanese belief that students will not understand the underlying concept of a problem if they are not forced to figure it out by themselves. Even when they make mistakes, the Japanese believe it is in the students’ best interests to complete the problem and then try to make sense of why their reasoning led them to the wrong answer so that they will not make a similar mistake in the future (Hiebert, et al., 2003). The American teaching philosophy is vastly different from that of Japan’s teaching philosophy. Instead of allowing students toShow MoreRelatedSimilarity and Its Connection to the Strength, Success, and Overall Happiness of Interpersonal Relatonships870 Words   |  4 Pages Similarity and Its Connection to the Strength, Success, and Overall Happiness of Interpersonal Relationships Since time immemorial, social interactions, and the subsequent relationships that bloom from them, have been often explained by the old adage â€Å"Birds of a feather flock together†. This refers to a fact of simple human nature: we are most attracted to things that share traits with us. 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Othello, By William Shakespeare - 1599 Words

William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despite Othello’s hamartia and subsequent downfall that inevitably occurs. Their marriage is then sabotaged by the jealous Iago, Othello’s ensign and villain of the play. While Iago’s ostensible justification for instigating Othello’s demise was his failure to acquire Othello’s position as lieutenant, Iago’s motives are rarely directly articulated and seem to derive from an obsessive, almost aesthetic pleasure in manipulation and destruction. 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A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Good Progress Essay Topics and How to Avoid It

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Good Progress Essay Topics and How to Avoid It Good Progress Essay Topics Secrets When you've got a completed outline, you'll have a step-by-step guide that you're able to follow until you're done writing. There are various topics that you can use in writing process essays. The 16 themes below are created that you use as a reference until you may spot them all on your own. You need to make sure your essay isn't just interesting to read, but it's also thorough and actually informative for your reader. Simply give your reader a last statement on what you've been discussing so they can put off your article and be delighted with what they have read. Some individuals may believe that the superior content could be written on any topic and the paper success is dependent just on the mastery of the writer. The good thing is that we've got a wonderful team of inexpensive research paper writers at Edubirdie which can help you produce a great essay to be pleased with. Our experts enable you to comprehend what is needed when you're choosing proposal essay topics. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like to ensure you opt for a terrific topic before you commence writing. Remain realistic and pick a topic you're able to research. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. If you get to select your own topic, that's good. Therefore, the topic needs to be debatable! Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. Deciding upon the correct essay topic can occasionally be rather hard. Your duty is to convince prospective buyers they need your goods. If you've got to write your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Clarify how you are going to address your topic, identify sub-arguments you must prove to produce your large argument true. You must be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and can get the best arguments to demonstrate your thesis. Any idea can prove to be a fantastic foundation for a topic. Your very first idea is nearly always very likely to be too large. You also ought to establish criteria in the start of an essay. A deductive essay is a significant factor whilst evaluating the degree of students' knowledge in several courses. Persuasive papers (also called argumentative essays) are possibly the most important academic projects you'll learn how to write. Normally, the teachers or professors assign the topics independently. Writing quality essays is the principal use of our services. The shortage of great support sources will end in a decrease grade. If you can select the matter all on your own, it's possible to produce the issue of interest! Ultimately, it's important to select topics that one feels comfortable to write on so you can do justice to them. Good Progress Essay Topics - Dead or Alive? As a very first timer when you want to take advantage of an essay writing company there are a lot of things that you have to take under consideration. If you select the very best when it comes to essay writing services there's a go od probability that you will pass the task that you're working on. As you finalize your topic choice, don't forget to pick a process you've completed many occasions and that you may explain to somebody else. Before beginning to write, go at your own pace and think of process essay suggestions and topics you like.

Principles Of Business Law Management

Question: Task 1 (Drafting a letter of complaint) Violet is extremely upset. Four months ago she purchased a used car from 'Duggins Motors', a Seat Ibiza which had done 6,000 miles and cost her 5,000. The car came with a six month warranty. Two weeks ago the car broke down whilst Violet was driving to work. The vehicle was recovered by the RAC and taken to a local garage. The owner of the garage has told Violet that the vehicles central steering column has failed and that the car will need at least 4,500 worth of work performed. Violet has tried phoning Duggins Motors but finds it very difficult to get a response. She has now asked you to draft a letter of complaint for Duggins Motors. In the meantime Violet has needed to hire a vehicle for her job as a domicilary carer and this is costing her 300 per week. Draft the letter of complaint. Feel free to make up details of names, addresses and dates etc. However, you letter should include correct application of the appropriate law and a sensible course of action. Task 2 (Essay) In employment law, an employee can often have his or her status confused with that of an independent contractor; such confusion can result in an onerous burden for the employer. Discuss. Task 3 (Drafting Exercise) Stuart and Rolf have decided to go into business together running a hair dressing salon. Both have decided to contribute 50,000 towards the capital of the business. Stuart will be converting the ground floor level of his flat to use as a salon and Rolf will be supplying all of the equipment to be used in the salon, the hair-dryers, chairs, sinks etc. Both have decided to take a salary of 1500 per month. They would like an equal say as to how the business is run and hope that any disputes can be settled amicably. Both are established hair stylists and feel they can bring a strong client base. They wish to call their business A cut above the rest.(a) Draft the Ordinary Partnership Agreement that they will need. (b) After five years of running a successful ordinary partnership, Rolf and Stuart feel it might be appropriate to turn their business into an LLP. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of such a move. Answer: Task 1 To, Duggins Motors, 85, Scottish Street London E1W S21. Sub: lodging a complaint To whom it may concern, I am Violet Mason here to file a complaint regarding an issue that I have been trying to draw your attention to for the past couple of days. Four months before, I have purchased a car from `Duggins Motors. The car was a Seat Ibiza and it cost me 5,000. The car was a used car which had done 6,000 km. However, the car came with a six months warranty as per the policy and contract agreement of the company. Unfortunately, the car broke down two weeks ago.I was driving the car to work, but suddenly the car broke down in the middle of the road. However, RAC had recovered the vehicle and it was taken to a local garage. According to the owner of the garage, the central steering column has failed. Therefore, in order to fix that central steering column, I need to pay them 4,500 to the owner of the garage. I have beentrying to get through to you for the last couple of days but there seems to be no response from your end.As per the English contract law, Violet and Dugins Motors came into a con tract which is valid in nature. Contract is an agreement between two parties and more in order to give rise to a specific obligation for a particular consideration and it must be enforceable in the court of law. However, three basic elements are important for a valid contract, which are as follows: consideration, agreement, and contractual intention. For establishing a valid contract, a party must express the willingness to contract to another party for a particular time period with an intention. The contract can be bound by law if only the other party accepted the offer for a given consideration. An intention to create a legal relationship is the important factor. Anoffer can be made both verbally or in oralform.An offer must be distinct from invitation to treat. On the other hand, acceptance can be conducted either in oral form or verbal form.Acceptance has no legal binding unless and until it is being communicated in any form to the offeror.A promise cannot be enforceable under l aw unless it is supported with the element of consideration. Thus, consideration plays the vital role for making a contract enforceable under the court of law. It is important as per the English law consideration must be adequate and sufficient in form.Last but not the least, he most important element for a valid contract is the contractual intention. The parties must have the intention to make the contract valid and thus it can be enforceable under the court of law. In domestic matters, the scenario is different which can be observed form the case study of Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571.In this particular scenario, the motor company Duggins Motor has promised me in the contract that they are bound to perform their warranty feature which they have provided me during the purchase of the car. Any type of provision which is included in the contract is considered to be the part of contract and therefore these terms of contract help to bind the parties under obligation.Thus, the brea ches of this particular term which are included in a contract lead to litigation. Among such terms warranty is included and the breach of contract will make the party suffer and answerable under the court of law.Warranties are the promise which is made by the parties against the product which is sold by him. In such situation, the seller is liable to repair the product within a specific time period as mentioned in the contract or else he will be responsible for the breach of contract.in many circumstance it is being noticed that warranties act as an underwritten promise which arises depending upon the mode of the transaction.But in this situation, the company has provided me with the warranty for six months against the sale of the car. Thus, the company is liable to reimburse the amount which is needed to be paid for repairing the central stirring or get the repair done themselves. Otherwise, I have the option to gotocourt for the matter of breaching the contract on the part of the company.Notwithstanding, the above mentioned aspects of this case, there is yet another point that I would like to bring to your kind notice.Ineed my car for my daily work purpose. I am adomicilarycarer. Thus,I need my car todo my job. Without a car it is hard for me to carry out my daily job. Thus, I have to hire a car which cost me 300 per week. This is the liability of the company to repair my car or provide me with a substitute vehicle till the car is not repaired. I have been trying my level best to contact with the company for lodging the complaint that my car has broken down and it needs to be repaired. However, the company is not at all bothering to reply me and to do a response against my calling. My daily expenses on the hired car is increasing because of this delay and legally this is categorized both as a liability of the company and negligent act on their part. According to the English law, extent of the liability that the defendant has to bare depends upon the breach o f contract conducted by the defendant.This is can be easily identified from the case study of Hadley v Baxendale(1854). Moreover, this case is a clear proof of the breach of the duty of care that Duggins Motor owes me as a consumer since the selling contract clearly states that there is a warranty of 6 months which I want tomake useofinthiscase. In the English contract law, remedies are available for the purpose of breach of contract such as: damages, action regarding the price factor and remedies for injunction. Breaching of a valid contract refers to breach of legal obligation. Thus, the defendant is liable for incur the damages which is being faced by the plaintiff. In this situation, the loss which is being incurred by me is the reliance loss. I have to take care of the fees for hiring the car for my job purpose. Thus, the company is liable for paying the fees which is incurred by me for hiring purpose. I have being trying to contact the company but the company did not take any action which represent that the company is bothering regarding the issue which is faced by me. Thus, the company is falling under the act of negligence and therefore the breach of contract has been done by the company. However, as per the law, damages must be paid by the company as it act as an award in order to compensate the damages incurred by me. As per the rule, I have the right to claim for the damages which has raised due to the breach of contract on the part of he company(Hadley v Baxendale1854). Task 2 It is often found that an employee of a firm get his or her status confused with that of an independent contractor. This section of the discussion will cover the relationship or the differences between independent contractor and the employee of a firm. Although the difference is vivid in local law however in case of foreign law the differentiating factors are almost similar which separates both. All country has got a unique set of factors which is almost same with many nations; still they try to come up with some distinguishing factors which will provide them a better place. In International employment law this generalization can be very useful. Most of the countries provide the contracts the lease to be legally independent to practice if they surpass to go through some basic hurdle of practicing law which are like taking the sole responsibility of running the independent business, this will include lot of things like meeting the client target, that too without any supervision, witho ut any office supplies, without any assistant, do your marketing on your own, without any hourly pay, vacation. So most importantly its about authority. If the individual is ready to accept to take the challenge and show willingness to take the authority most of the country upholds independent contractor status. In order to be an independent contractor there should be no relation or directives and regulation between the party and the company. An independent contractor agreement is a deed or a bond which is a promise to safeguard the future trust of the contractor, thus it is important to keep this agreement very clear between the two parties. The agreement should reflect the type of relationship that exist between the two parties and will consist the kind of terms they are about to land by the end of the deliverables. The agreement should not contain detailed information on how the work is going to be done. The company should not direct how the work is going to be done and should st ay silent how the contractor spends the money to get the work done for them. Relationship between both the parties should be very clear in order to overcome unavoidable circumstances and specially being investigated for tax related issues. A huge difference is being noted between an independent contractor and an employee. However, in present situation in UK the independent contractor are also termed as consultant.in many cases, it is relevant that employee and independent worker are working side by side with each other still there lies a lot of differences between the two. From legal point of view the differences are wider when it comes to employee and independent contractor. The basic difference is the job title of a contractor and he employee. Though job titles do not match the legal classification still they play a vital role for developing legal obligations. Job titles affect the employee in various dimensions such as legal benefits, tax benefits, employment benefits which are n ot seen in the case of an independent contractor. Employees usually work under and for a single employer but in case of an independent contractor, they tend to provide services to more than one individual or company. The working hour is set by the employer in case of the employee. But when it comes to independent contractor the working hours are being set by themselves. This is the basic confusion which is made by the employee in various situations. On the other hand, when it comes to benefits, the employee has the option to receive benefits from the employer regarding health or any kind of disability. Since an independent contractor work for their won they do not have the option to enjoy any kind of benefits from anyone. Usually the employees have to work under the control of the employer and the employer also directs them to execute the work. But independent contractor works on their own way and on their own schedule set by themselves. The tasks which are being allocated must be e xecuted according to the employee. But when it comes to independent contractor they execute their job on their own manner under their own authority. Employee has the tendency to avoid any kind of investment for executing their job. They always avoid to incur any kind of cost for establishing their allocated job. In order to perform the job if any kind of investment is required the independent contractors usually invest them as they work on their own way. Requirements of education are important criteria when it comes to employees. In many circumstances it is being noticed that the employers have conducted training programs in order to train them for the purpose of receiving better and quality performance from them. But he independent contractor already acquired their skills for performing their jobs and thus training programs are not required for them as they manage to do their own job. When it comes to the benefit of employee, it is relevant from various sources that employees have the option to receive compensation during the termination of the job because of unemployment. But when it is related to the independent contractor, they do not have the privilege to get or receive any kind of compensation from their clients after the particular is terminated. This is also a fact that if an employee get injured or fall sick during the working hours in the work place, then the cost of treatment which is required for the employee will be incurred by the employer. However, this benefit is meant for the independent contractor. In many cases, the employer cannot terminate the employee without presenting a good cause or reason for termination. But in cases of independent contractor, the client can move on if the contract or agreement between the contractor and the client is agreed upon a specific period of time. Employers have to follow the law, which are related to employment act, labour law, etc. This is because the relationship between employer and employee is lawful un der jurisdiction. On the other hand, anti-discrimination law and work-place safety law is considered in cases of independent contractor. Union can be formed by the employees but independent contractor does not have the right to form a union in the workplace. In United Kingdom if an individual is not working for a particular firm he or she can act or be an independent contractor. The contract will be done for the exchange of service only. Principle of at will employment do not exist in United Kingdom, therefore employees have quite a few security. Unless misconduct, redundancy or incapability issues they cannot be easily dismissed. However in this case, strict measures are taken and notices are given. An independent employee or a contactors job is much more volatile and catches more notice than any other job, it is the least secured job one can get. Taxation is also done differently to an employee to that of an independent contractor. An independent contractor has to pay off his taxe s on his own. It is important to maintain the differences between the independent contractor and employees. The differences are being discussed above regarding their status, privileges, benefits etc. If the differences are not being maintained properly, then it may affect the burden of the employer. Employer will definitely face problems with their employee in cases when the employees started following the privileges enjoyed by the independent contractor such as working in their own way, executing their work on their own time and execution of job without bothering anyone etc. as per the law, Execute an independent contractor agreement, and include proper documentation in the agreement that clearly states that a contractor is independent from the company, is self-employed, and will be responsible for final deliverables, not the method in which they are produced. Thus, it is important to maintain discrimination among the employee and independent contractor. Task 3 Partnership Agreement This partnership agreement is made and entered into this 5.2.2014 between Stuart and Rolf. Background The partners have the intention to associate themselves legally with each other for the purpose of carrying out a business.However, here are some of the terms and conditions are to be mentioned in the partnership agreement. In this agreement a brief idea of the capital which are invested by the partners for the purpose of carrying out their business. For establishing a partnership, it is relevant to mention the share of profit and loss regarding the business among the partners.The time period should be mentioned in the agreement to specify the validity period of the agreement.In the given scenario, Stuart and Rolf have decided to go into a partnership in order to run a business properly together.They have decided to carry out witha hair dressing salon as they both are hair stylist. In order to establish their own business they have decided to contribute 50,000 towards the capital of the business. On the other hand, Stuart will be converting the ground floor level of his flat to use as a salon and on the other side;Rolf will be supplying all of the equipment to be used in the salon, the hair-dryers, chairs, sinks etc. on the grounds of partnership they have decided to take a salary of 1500 per month. When it comes to ethics for each other in order to carry the business, they would like an equal say as to how the business is run and hope that any disputes can be settled amicably. However, they also decided a name for their shop and that is A cut above the rest. Partnership Books Partnership book is the book which must be maintained by the partner. In this book, the accounts of the partnership firm are being recorded and this book also includes the partnership agreement, the dos and the donts which the partner must follow for carrying their partnership properly. This partnership account must be kept by the partners at their work place. Fiscal Year The fiscal year of the Partnership shall end at the end of five years. Accountings The affairs which are being held n the partnership must recorded properly in the accounting book on the every end of the months: March, June, September and December. Therefore, it comes to that the counting records must be completed at the end of every three month every year. However, it is mandatory that this accounting record must be rendered to every partner in the partnership within 15 days after the closing of every here months. After each accounting is done, the net profit of the firm must be distributed among the partners. Time Devoted to Partnership Each Partner shall devote his or her undivided time and attention and use the utmost of his or her skills and ability in furtherance of the Partnership business. Management and Authority Every Partner might have an equivalent voice in the administration of the Partnership and should have power to tie the Partnership in making contracts and acquiring obligations in the name and on the credit of the firm. Be that as it may, no Partner might cause any obligations in the name or on the credit of the firm surpassing 500 without the express composed assent of the other Partner. Any obligation brought about infringing upon this procurement might be charged to and gathered from the individual Partner causing the obligation. Salaries Every Partner should be qualified for a pay of 1500 every month, which might be removed by the Partnership as a customary and important cost of doing business before determination of net benefits. The compensation of any Partner might, in any case, be expanded or lessened at situation when there prevail a mutual agreement among all the partners. Net Profit The expression "net profits" as utilized as a part of this Agreement might mean the net profits of the Partnership as controlled by sound accounting guidelines for every bookkeeping period accommodated in this Agreement. Withdrawal of Partner Partners have the option to withdraw from the Partnership toward the end of any bookkeeping period by providing the other Partner 30 days, composed notification of his or her aim to do as such. Alternative to acquire Terminated Interest On disintegration of the Partnership by the withdrawal or other demonstration of a Partner, the remaining Partner, on composed notification to the next Partner inside 15 days of the disintegration, may proceeds with the Partnership business by buying the enthusiasm of the other Partner in the assets also, great will of the Partnership. The remaining Partner might have the choice to enjoy the interest of the partner who is withdrawing himself from the partnership agreement. Purchase Sell Agreement on Death of Partner In the event that the Partnership is broken up by the demise of a Partner, the remaining Partner should have the obligation inside days from the passing of the perished partner to buy the enthusiasm of the expired Partner in the Partnership and to pay to the individual illustrative of the expired Partner the estimation of that enthusiasm as gave in Paragraph l7 of this Agreement. Amid this 15 days period taking after the demise of a Partner, the remaining Partner might proceed with the matter of the Partnership however the domain or individual illustrative of the perished Partner might not be at risk for any obligations acquired in the Partnership business that are more prominent than any sum includable in the bequest of the perished Partner that was already contributed or included in the Partnership and remained so on the date of death. The domain of the expired Partner should be committed to offer his or her Partnership enthusiasm as gave in this Agreement and might be entitled, at the race of the individual illustrative of the expired Partner, either to one-50% of the net profits earned by the Partnership business amid this 1 day period or to enthusiasm for the utilization amid this time of the perished enthusiasm for the Partnership business at the rate of 12 percent a year on the estimation of the partnership interest. This instrument include the sole agreement of the parties for forming a new business and the rights, duties, obligations are all set right in this agreement which the parties are bound to follow. Thank You ------------------Signature of the partner ------------------Signature of the partner In the given information in the case study, Stuart and Rolf have decided to go into a partnership in order to run a business properly together. They have decided to carry out with a hair dressing salon as they both are hair stylist. In order to establish their own business they have decided to contribute 50,000 towards the capital of the business. On the other hand, Stuart will be converting the ground floor level of his flat to use as a salon and on the other side; Rolf will be supplying all of the equipment to be used in the salon, the hair-dryers, chairs, sinks etc. on the grounds of partnership they have decided to take a salary of 1500 per month. When it comes to ethics for each other in order to carry the business, they would like an equal say as to how the business is run and hope that any disputes can be settled amicably. However, they also decided a name for their shop and that is A cut above the rest. If they want to turn their business into an LLP then there will prevail a lots advantages and disadvantages which are as follow: When all is said in done partnerships, every member is by and by in charge of the activities of the organization. This incorporates obligations, liabilities and the wrongful demonstrations of different partners. One playing point of a limited liability partnership is the liability insurance it manages. This kind of partnership structure secures individual partners "from individual liability for careless demonstrations of different partners or employees not under their direct control," expresses the SBA. What's more, individual partners are not actually in charge of organization obligations or different commitments. This is beneficial for an individual accomplice when potential claims or cases of carelessness against the business are concerned. Individuals in a partnership pay their own taxes. They fill their own file and they are not liable to pay taxes as a whole. The credits therefore are passed over the partners not to the partnership firm. Limited liability partnership is more fl exible compare to normal partnership agreement. Managerial duties are being set equally depending upon the partners. Bibliography: Andrews N,Contract Law(Cambridge University Press 2011) Anson W,Principles Of The English Law Of Contract And Of Agency In Its Relation To Contract(Clarendon Press 1899) Faure M, 'Liability For Omissions In Tort Law: Economic Analysis' (2011) 2 Journal of European Tort Law Gonzlez PridaDaz V and others, 'Contractual And Quality Aspects On Warranty' (2012) 29 Int J Qual Reliability Mgmt McKendrick E,Contract Law(Palgrave Macmillan 2011) 'Negligence.Defenses. Illegal Act Of Plaintiff' (1913) 27 Harvard Law Review 'Sales.Implied Warranty. Exclusion By Express Warranty' (1914) 28 Harvard Law Review Xie W and Liao H, 'Some Aspects In Estimating Warranty And Post-Warranty Repair Demands' (2013) 60 Naval Research Logistics References Cushway B and Hallsworth I,The Employer's Handbook 2012-13(Kogan Page 2012) Dau-Schmidt K, Harris S and Lobel O,Labor And Employment Law And Economics(Edward Elgar 2009) 'Negligence.Independent Contractor. Liability To Employee' (1917) 5 Virginia Law Review Selwyn N,Law Of Employment(LexisNexis UK 2004) Sumner S, Grau P and Frank B, 'Legal Side: Agency Nurse Vs. IRS: Are You An Employee, An Independent Contractor, Or Both?' (1990) 90 The American Journal of Nursing Sumner S, Grau P and Frank B, 'Agency Nurse Vs. IRS' (1990) 90 AJN, American Journal of Nursing 'Torts: Landowner's Liability To Employee Of Independent Contractor' (1925) 23 Michigan Law Review D, 'Workmen's Compensation: Employer And Employee: Independent Contractor' (1918) 6 California Law Review. Akintoye A and Beck M,Policy, Finance Management For Public-Private Partnership(Wiley-Blackwell 2009) Bean G,Fiduciary Obligations And Joint Ventures(Clarendon Press 1995) 'Partnership. Breach Of Partnership Agreement. Action At Law For Damages' (1922) 22 Columbia Law Review 'Partnership: Essentials: Agreement To Share Profits' (1905) 3 Michigan Law Review Voon T,Trade LiberalisationAnd International Co-Operation Kashyap D and Kashyap A, 'Limited Liability Partnership As Advantage To Small Business: Indian Scenario' SSRN Journal Katz B, 'Defining Partnership' (2007) 29 Emergency Medicine News Neil Andrews,Contract Law(Cambridge University Press 2011). William Reynell Anson,Principles Of The English Law Of Contract And Of Agency In Its Relation To Contract(Clarendon Press 1899). Wei Xie and Haitao Liao, 'Some Aspects In Estimating Warranty And Post-Warranty Repair Demands' (2013) 60 Naval Research Logistics. Vicente Gonzlez PridaDaz and others, 'Contractual And Quality Aspects On Warranty' (2012) 29 Int J Qual Reliability Mgmt. Ewan McKendrick,Contract Law(Palgrave Macmillan 2011). Michael G. Faure, 'Liability For Omissions In Tort Law: Economic Analysis' (2011) 2 Journal of European Tort Law. 'Negligence.Defenses. Illegal Act Of Plaintiff' (1913) 27 Harvard Law Review. Barry Cushway and Ian Hallsworth,The Employer's Handbook 2012-13(Kogan Page 2012). Kenneth G Dau-Schmidt, Seth D Harris and OrlyLobel,Labor And Employment Law And Economics(Edward Elgar 2009). D. J. W., 'Workmen's Compensation: Employer And Employee: Independent Contractor' (1918) 6 California Law Review. 'Negligence.Independent Contractor. Liability To Employee' (1917) 5 Virginia Law Review. Sally M. Sumner, Pamela A. Grau and Barry H. Frank, 'Agency Nurse Vs. IRS' (1990) 90 AJN, American Journal of Nursing. Norman M Selwyn,Law Of Employment(LexisNexis UK 2004). Sally M. Sumner, Pamela A. Grau and Barry H. Frank, 'Legal Side: Agency Nurse Vs. IRS: Are You An Employee, An Independent Contractor, Or Both?' (1990) 90 The American Journal of Nursing. 'Torts: Landowner's Liability To Employee Of Independent Contractor' (1925) 23 Michigan Law Review. 'Partnership: Essentials: Agreement To Share Profits' (1905) 3 Michigan Law Review. AkintolaAkintoye and Matthias Beck,Policy, Finance Management For Public-Private Partnership(Wiley-Blackwell 2009). Gerard M. D Bean,Fiduciary Obligations And Joint Ventures(Clarendon Press 1995). Tania Voon,Trade LiberalisationAnd International Co-Operation. 'Partnership. Breach Of Partnership Agreement. Action At Law For Damages' (1922) 22 Columbia Law Review. Deepak Kashyap and Amit Kumar Kashyap, 'Limited Liability Partnership As Advantage To Small Business: Indian Scenario' SSRN Journal. Barbara Katz, 'Defining Partnership' (2007) 29 Emergency Medicine News.

Banning cell phone use in moving vehicles

Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Essays

Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Essays Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Paper Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Paper These two ideas can be almost as conflict-ridden as Creationism and Evolution, with both sides of the fight drawing lines in the sand and rallying behind them. Hopefully the reader of this essay will find that Environmental determinism and Possibility may have different theories, but are not so different when considered towards a problems beginning and ultimately its end. Examples of Environmental Determinism could be tropical viruses that cannot flourish outside tropical zones, bananas and their inability to thrive naturally in Vermont, humans not being able to breathe under eater, and amusingly: pigs not being able to fly. All of these examples are limited to where and what they can do because they cannot escape their environment, as it has shaped them as much as they it. Humans are a terrestrial species, meaning we live and exist on solid land above sea level. Our bodies have shaped themselves to this environment and we will shape the environment back to continue this trait, thus the chances of humans developing gills for water breath inning are ridiculously unlikely without a decidedly massive environmental change and a possibly forced evolution to adapt to said new environment. Being concerned with environmental changes and the need to change or adapt, the theory of Possibility comes into view. Possibility revolves around using what is available, and with ingenuity and/or technology making it accomplish what was previously impossible. Possibility could be a skillet that Maguire

The History and Social Responsibility Initiatives of Harley Davidson Research Paper

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Contemporary issues in management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Causes of Epilepsy and Seizures Contents (Jump to) Introduction to Epilepsy Seizures Causes of Epilepsy Conclusion References Figures Appendix Introduction to Epilepsy Epilepsy is the oldest known brain disorder dating back as early as 2080BC (Cascino et al., 1995). It was first identified as a disease by Dr Jon Hughlings Jackson in 1880 who defined it as â€Å"An occasional, sudden, massive, rapid and local discharge or the grey matter† (Scott, 1978). This definition has been confirmed 50 years later by Electroencephalography. A more recent definition was devised stating â€Å"Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which the nerve cell activity in your brain is disturbed, causing a seizure during which you experience abnormal behaviour, symptoms and sensations, including loss of consciousness.†(Scambler, 1989) Worldwide, it is estimated that there are 65 million people living with epilepsy with almost 80% of the cases reported occurring in the developing world (Ngugi et al., 2010). Within the UK, the prevalence is between 1 in 40/70,000 which equates to 3% of the population will develop epilepsy in their lifetime. Recurrent seizures are the hallmark characteristic of an epileptic. If an individual has one seizure early in their lives then none thereafter, they are said to have had an epileptic seizure but do not suffer from epilepsy. (Duncan et al., 2006) Seizures A seizure is abnormally excessive neuronal activity localised to a particular area of the brain known as the cerebral cortex causing a disruption to normal brain function. These cortical discharges will transmit to the muscles causing convulsions or commonly referred to as a fit. Figure 1 Generalised seizure with neuronal activation in both hemisphere Classifying seizures is done based on the site of the brain which the seizure begins. This will be either; Partial – where the onset of seizure is localised to one part of the hemisphere (fig. 1), Generalised – where the onset of the seizure is across both hemispheres (fig. 2) or Secondary generalised – where a partial seizure later spreads to involve the majority of the 2 cerebral hemispheres (Duncan et al., 2006). Figure 2 Partial seizure with neuronal activation in one hemisphere The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) have defined 6 main types of seizures: Clonic, Tonic, Tonic-Clonic, myoclonic, absence and atonic (Solodar, 2014), with all having the shared characteristic of syncope. Tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal seizures) are the most common and typically last 30 seconds with an initial back arching motion (tonic phase), followed by severe shaking of body limbs (clonic phase) in which sufferers can become incontinent and bit their tongue (fig. 3). Myoclonic seizures consist of muscle spasms throughout the body, while absence seizures only display mild symptoms such as a slight head turn or repetitive eye blinking (Engel and Pedley, 2008). Figure 3 Tonic and Clonic phases of a seizure Causes of Epilepsy Majority of cases are termed idiopathic, meaning there is no known reason for the disorder in that individual. The difference in causes amongst the general population can be seen in figure 4. Genetic factors can causes epilepsy as can environmental factors. In general it is a combination of the two which go on to cause someone to become epileptic. Over 500 genes have been identified to be linked to the disorder if mutated with some making individuals more sensitive to environmental conditions that can initiate seizures (Sanchez-Carpintero Abad et al., 2007). Some symptomatic causes of epilepsy include; brain tumours, strokes, low oxygen during birth, head injuries during birth or during a person’s lifetime, infections such as meningitis or anything which causes damage to the brain (Chang and Lowenstein, 2003). Figure 4 Causes of epilepsy amongst the general population Conclusion Epilepsy is a condition which has a host of causes as have been highlighted. It is the category of seizure within the brain an individual has which will determine the type of seizure they have and the altered body state which is displayed. This can be a very distressing disorder for sufferers as they are unable to control when they have a seizure and could occur at a very dangerous time such as whilst driving. The effective management via medication, surgery or lifestyle changes can reduce a person’s chance of suffering future seizures. Unfortunately in the majority of cases, the cause is unknown. This makes it highly difficult to target the disease for a cure, therefore minimising the probability of a seizure is the next best thing. References CASCINO, G., HOPKINS, A. O. SHORVON, S. D. 1995. Epilepsy, London, Chapman Hall Medical. CHANG, B. S. LOWENSTEIN, D. H. 2003. Epilepsy. N Engl J Med, 349, 1257-66. DUNCAN, J. S., SANDER, J. W., SISODIYA, S. M. WALKER, M. C. 2006. Adult epilepsy. Lancet, 367, 1087-100. ENGEL, J., JR. PEDLEY, T. A. 2008. Epilepsy : a comprehensive textbook, Philadelphia, Pa. ; London, Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. NGUGI, A. K., BOTTOMLEY, C., KLEINSCHMIDT, I., SANDER, J. W. NEWTON, C. R. 2010. Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-analytic approach. Epilepsia, 51, 883-890. SANCHEZ-CARPINTERO ABAD, R., SANMARTI VILAPLANA, F. X. SERRATOSA FERNANDEZ, J. M. 2007. Genetic causes of epilepsy. Neurologist, 13, S47-51. SCAMBLER, G. 1989. Epilepsy, London, Tavistock / Routledge. SCOTT, D. 1978. About epilepsy, London, Duckworth. SOLODAR, J. 2014. Commentary: ILAE Definition of Epilepsy. Epilepsia, 55, 491. Figures ENGEL, J., JR. PEDLEY, T. A. 2008. Epilepsy : a comprehensive textbook, Philadelphia, Pa. ; London, Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. – figures 1 2 http://www.doctortipster.com/10291-generalized-tonic-clonic-epilepsy-seizures-grand-mal-seizures-clinical-presentation.html figure 3 http://www.cureepilepsy.org/egi/about.asp figure 4 Appendix Reference Type: Book Record Number: 1988 Author: Cascino, Gregory, Hopkins, Anthony October and Shorvon, S. D. Year: 1995 Title: Epilepsy Place Published: London Publisher: Chapman Hall Medical Edition: 2nd ed / edited by Anthony Hopkins, Simon Shorvon and Gregory Cascino. Short Title: Epilepsy ISBN: 0412543303 :  ¹95.00 Accession Number: b9561325 Call Number: 616.853 20 British Library DSC 95/22799 British Library STI (B) GV 05 blsrissc Keywords: Epilepsy. Notes: GB9561325 bnb 2362 Previous ed.: 1987. Includes bibliographies and index. Research Notes: Useful book, especially for historical aspects. Uses different terminology for seizures than other material, possibly due to age of print Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 2037 Author: Chang, B. S. and Lowenstein, D. H. Year: 2003 Title: Epilepsy Journal: N Engl J Med Volume: 349 Issue: 13 Pages: 1257-66 Epub Date: 2003/09/26 Date: Sep 25 Short Title: Epilepsy Alternate Journal: The New England journal of medicine ISSN: 0028-4793 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra022308 Accession Number: 14507951 Keywords: Cerebral Cortex/pathology/physiopathology Electroencephalography Epilepsy/classification/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology Hippocampus/pathology Humans Ion Channels/physiopathology Neuroglia/physiology Sclerosis Thalamus/physiopathology Notes: 1533-4406 Chang, Bernard S Lowenstein, Daniel H NS39950/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Govt, P.H.S. Review United States N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 25;349(13):1257-66. Research Notes: Good overview of the disorder with relevant sections around the causes Author Address: Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Database Provider: NLM Language: eng Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 10337 Author: Duncan, J. S., Sander, J. W., Sisodiya, S. M. and Walker, M. C. Year: 2006 Title: Adult epilepsy Journal: Lancet Volume: 367 Issue: 9516 Pages: 1087-100 Epub Date: 2006/04/04 Date: Apr 1 Short Title: Adult epilepsy Alternate Journal: Lancet ISSN: 0140-6736 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68477-8 Accession Number: 16581409 Keywords: Adult Aged Anticonvulsants/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Drug Resistance/*genetics Electroencephalography *Epilepsy/diagnosis/drug therapy/physiopathology Humans Incidence Infant Pharmacogenetics Abstract: The epilepsies are one of the most common serious brain disorders, can occur at all ages, and have many possible presentations and causes. Although incidence in childhood has fallen over the past three decades in developed countries, this reduction is matched by an increase in elderly people. Monogenic Mendelian epilepsies are rare. A clinical syndrome often has multiple possible genetic causes, and conversely, different mutations in one gene can lead to various epileptic syndromes. Most common epilepsies, however, are probably complex traits with environmental effects acting on inherited susceptibility, mediated by common variation in particular genes. Diagnosis of epilepsy remains clinical, and neurophysiological investigations assist with diagnosis of the syndrome. Brain imaging is making great progress in identifying the structural and functional causes and consequences of the epilepsies. Current antiepileptic drugs suppress seizures without influencing the underlying t endency to generate seizures, and are effective in 60-70% of individuals. Pharmacogenetic studies hold the promise of being able to better individualise treatment for each patient, with maximum possibility of benefit and minimum risk of adverse effects. For people with refractory focal epilepsy, neurosurgical resection offers the possibility of a life-changing cure. Potential new treatments include precise prediction of seizures and focal therapy with drug delivery, neural stimulation, and biological grafts. Notes: 1474-547x Duncan, John S Sander, Josemir W Sisodiya, Sanjay M Walker, Matthew C Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt Review England Lancet. 2006 Apr 1;367(9516):1087-100. Research Notes: Very good overview with clear explanation around neuronal activity of seizures Author Address: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology UCL, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. [emailprotected] Database Provider: NLM Language: eng Reference Type: Book Record Number: 10529 Author: Engel, Jerome, Jr. and Pedley, Timothy A. Year: 2008 Title: Epilepsy : a comprehensive textbook Place Published: Philadelphia, Pa. ; London Publisher: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Pages: 2797 Edition: 2nd ed. Short Title: Epilepsy : a comprehensive textbook ISBN: 9780781757775 (set) :  ¹173.00 0781757770 (set) :  ¹173.00 Call Number: 616.853 22 British Library DSC m07/.34665 vol. 1 British Library STI (B) 616.853 British Library DSC m07/.34666 vol. 3 British Library DSC m07/.34664 vol. 2 Keywords: Epilepsy. Notes: GBA771698 bnb editors, Jerome Engel Jr., Timothy A. Pedley ; associate editors, Jean Aicardi [et al.]. Previous ed. : c1998. Includes bibliographical references and index. Formerly CIP. Uk Research Notes: Had everything covered in good detail. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 10335 Author: Ngugi, Anthony K., Bottomley, Christian, Kleinschmidt, Immo, Sander, Josemir W. and Newton, Charles R. Year: 2010 Title: Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-analytic approach Journal: Epilepsia Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Pages: 883-890 Short Title: Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-analytic approach ISSN: 0013-9580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02481.x Abstract: To estimate the burden of lifetime epilepsy (LTE) and active epilepsy (AE) and examine the influence of study characteristics on prevalence estimates. Notes: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02481.x Research Notes: Only really useful for prevalence related material URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02481.x Name of Database: READCUBE Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 11373 Author: Sanchez-Carpintero Abad, R., Sanmarti Vilaplana, F. X. and Serratosa Fernandez, J. M. Year: 2007 Title: Genetic causes of epilepsy Journal: Neurologist Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Suppl 1 Pages: S47-51 Date: Nov Short Title: Genetic causes of epilepsy Alternate Journal: The neurologist ISSN: 1074-7931 (Print) 1074-7931 (Linking) DOI: 10.1097/NRL.0b013e31815bb07d Accession Number: 18090951 Keywords: Animals Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology Epilepsy/*etiology/*genetics/pathology Humans Ion Channel Gating/genetics Ion Channels/genetics/*physiology Abstract: BACKGROUND: The contribution of genetic factors to the origin of different epilepsies is a fact established by epidemiological, clinical, and molecular studies. These studies have made it possible to identify numerous mutations in different genes that cause or predispose to the development of certain types of epilepsy. REVIEW SUMMARY: The study of single-gene epilepsies has contributed relevant data regarding the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Most of these genes encode voltage- or ligand-gated ion channels. Other single-gene epilepsies are related to mutations that provoke alterations in neuronal maturation and migration during embryonic development. Nevertheless, the most common forms of epilepsy are not caused by single mutations but by a combination of polymorphisms, most of which are unknown, that generate an alteration in neuronal excitability. In some syndromes, genetic alterations and their consequences have made it possible to explain the therapeutic response to diff erent drugs. Therefore, the progress being made in genetics is changing the classification and diagnosis of epilepsy; moreover, it can sometimes influence the choice of treatment. CONCLUSION: The advances made in genetic knowledge of epilepsy have led to the description of new epilepsy syndromes and to a better characterization of known ones. However, the genes responsible for the most common forms of idiopathic epilepsy remain mostly unknown. This means that for the time being, in clinical practice, genetic diagnosis is limited to uncommon syndromes and to cases in which treatment decisions or genetic counseling can be derived from the diagnosis. Notes: Sanchez-Carpintero Abad, Rocio Sanmarti Vilaplana, Francesc X Serratosa Fernandez, Jose Maria eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt Review 2008/01/26 09:00 Neurologist. 2007 Nov;13(6 Suppl 1):S47-51. doi: 10.1097/NRL.0b013e31815bb07d. Research Notes: Very complicated to read. Poorly illustrated. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18090951 Author Address: Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [emailprotected] Reference Type: Book Record Number: 2015 Author: Scambler, Graham Year: 1989 Title: Epilepsy Place Published: London Publisher: Tavistock / Routledge Short Title: Epilepsy ISBN: 0415017580 (pbk) : No price 0415017572 (cased) : No price Accession Number: b8920431 Call Number: 362.1/96853 19 British Library DSC 89/23194 British Library HMNTS YK.1989.a.5440 Keywords: Epileptics Psychology. Notes: GB8920431 bnb 2054 Graham Scambler. The Experience of illness Bibliography: p124-130. _ Includes index. Research Notes: Written with the patient in mind but lacks specific scientific data Reference Type: Book Record Number: 2011 Author: Scott, Donald F. Year: 1978 Title: About Epilepsy : revised Edition Place Published: [S.l.] Publisher: Duckworth Edition: 3rd Ed. Short Title: About Epilepsy : revised Edition ISBN: 0715609467 Call Number: British Library DSC 79/5721 Research Notes: Very well written with good scientific data to back up claims. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 10484 Author: Solodar, J. Year: 2014 Title: Commentary: ILAE Definition of Epilepsy Journal: Epilepsia Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Pages: 491 Date: Apr Short Title: Commentary: ILAE Definition of Epilepsy Alternate Journal: Epilepsia ISSN: 1528-1167 (Electronic) 0013-9580 (Linking) DOI: 10.1111/epi.12594 Accession Number: 24731170 Keywords: *Advisory Committees Epilepsy/*classification/*diagnosis Female Humans Male *Research Report *Societies, Medical Notes: Solodar, Jessica eng Comment 2014/04/16 06:00 Epilepsia. 2014 Apr;55(4):491. doi: 10.1111/epi.12594. Epub 2014 Apr 14. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24731170 Research Notes: Good summary of definitions around seizures and all terminology within epilepsy 1

Metaphors in the Mechanical Engineering Field :: Language Linguistics

Metaphors in the Mechanical Engineering Field The Mechanical Engineering field involves multiple disciplines. The language from the disciplines converges into a complex dialect of sayings and metaphors. Metaphors are used in the field as â€Å"a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison† [1]. The Mechanical Engineering field entails different working environments and types of employment. The metaphors CAD jockey, cube farm, and worth his salt encapsulate different aspects of a Mechanical Engineer. In everyday life common metaphors like tie the knot, pass the buck, and pushing the envelope are used. Pushing the envelope means, â€Å"to approach or exceed known performance boundaries† [2]. The origin is from â€Å"US Air Force test pilot program of the late 1940’s.† The envelope refers to an aircraft’s performance and is difficult to comprehend. It is not clear why the envelope is related to an aircraft’s performance. This comparison is confusing and can mislead people in understanding the concept of the metaphor. The concept of pass the buck is â€Å"pass off responsibility to someone else.† In some card games a marker called buck is used. The marker is used to signify the dealer and the person responsible to deal the cards. Players take turns as the dealer by passing the marker. People familiar with the name of the marker will understand the meaning of this metaphor. The metaphor tie the knot has been used since ancient times to represent the act of marriage. During antiquity, in many parts of the world only, a priest or patriarch knotted together the garments of the bride and groom to symbolize a permanent union [3]. This metaphor has been used for years and is known around the world. It is hard to understand the meaning from the word usage. The meaning of a CAD jockey is a person that uses computer-aided design tools. The origin is around the 1990’s when computer-aided design tools became available to the general public. The metaphor is appropriate for a person that uses computer-aided design tools. Someone not familiar with the acronym CAD will be confused by this metaphor. The metaphor cube farm is â€Å"an office filled with cubicles† [4]. This metaphor began in the 1970’s when cubicles sprang up in the office landscape. The phrase usually has negative connotations about the working environment, which are that the environment is stressful and noisy.

Code of Ethics Paper Essay

According to Cancer Treatment Center of America (2013), since 1988, Cancer Treatment Centers of America ® (CTCA) has been helping patients win the fight against cancer using advanced technology and a personalized approach (About Us). Each hospital provides state-of-the-art cancer treatment by a dedicated team of oncologists, surgeons and other health experts. They offer a welcoming environment, where patients and their family members can find comprehensive cancer care under one roof. The vision of the CTCA is to be recognized and trusted by people living with cancer as the premier center for healing and hope. The organizational goals of the CTCA are to benefit the patient by providing powerful and innovative therapies to heal the whole person, improve quality of life and restore hope. Organizational goals According to Cancer Treatment Centers of America (2013), â€Å"You and your healing are at the center of our hearts, minds and actions, every day. We rally our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit† (Cancer Experts Who Care). Organizational goals that are within the Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) are to provide patient care with, compassionate, appropriate and effective to assess and treatment be honest. Make informed decisions about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preference, documented scientific evidence and clinical judgment. To create and sustain therapeutic and ethically sound relationships with patients and with these goals and objectives are designed to provide advanced training in the assessment and cancer treatment. An objective of the CTCA is to increase the participation of institutions serving racial/ethnic and/or underserved communities with cancer health disparities in the nation’s cancer research and training enterprise. Also, to develop more effective research, outreach, and education programs that will have an impact on ethnic minority and the  underserved populations. Corporation’s Ethical Values The roles of the company are making sure their patients come first, their main focus is not about fighting cancer, and it’s about making sure their patients are comfortable throughout treatment. The cancer treatment statistics and results of CTCA demonstrate their constant efforts to make a difference when it comes to quality of their patients. Each of their hospital provides state of the art treatment with a dedicated team which is oncologists, surgeons and other health experts. Their mission is to keep search for a cure and to continue to keep their patients in good spirits, they do not give up until they have answers. CTCA is accredited by The Joint Commission (formerly Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, or JCAHO) with Full Standards Compliance. This accreditation decision is awarded to a healthcare organization that demonstrates satisfactory compliance with applicable Joint Commission standards in all performance areas. The Cancer Center of America knows that cancer patients want their treatment to incorporate the needs of the whole person—physically, emotionally and spiritually. We know they value greatly a multidisciplinary care team that will be responsive to their personal needs throughout treatment. Organization’s Culture and Ethical Decision-Making The Cancer Treatment Center of America organization believes there is more than one way to beat cancer. There are so many people diagnosed with cancer and do not know which way to turn, confused, and angry. The cultural of the organizations is friendly, compassionate, and they treat each patient that comes into the center and gives them all the support that they need. The Cancer Treatment Center treats all types of cancer, and makes you feel welcome from the first day you arrive. Coming to the center, treated with respect and the moral decisions made by you they are behind you a hundred percent. The center is a place that never gives up on trying making a person feel better about their self. The Cancer Treatment Center of America has a vision, and that statement says â€Å"To be recognized and trusted by people living with cancer as the premier center for healing and hope† (Cancer  Centers of America, 2013). Not only does the center treat individuals that have cancer, but they also educate those who are not aware of what cancer is. It is a center for learning as well. No patient is turned down when they come to the center. According to Cancer Treatment Center of America (2013), â€Å"You and your healing are at the center of our hearts, minds and actions every day. We rally our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit. We offer clear information, powerful and thorough treatment options, all based on your needs. We honor your courage, respect your decisions, and offer to share your journey of healing and hope† (Our Promise). Organization’s Ethical Values vs. Individual’s Ethical Values It is important that an organization such as Cancer of America ethical support an individual’s ethical value because of several reasons. If an employee’s ethical value does not coincide with the organizations ethical value it can cause increased stress levels while performing their daily duties. In addition, conflicts can arise due to an individual’s personal ethical values, which can cause stress and eventually lead to work place anger and hostility. Furthermore, dissatisfied employees in regards to organizational value could inadvertently or purposely sabotage the company. For example, an organization’s ethical value gives the patient’s family the authority to decide for the patient since the patient is on life support. The patient’s family member decides not to terminate the patient’s life support because the patient’s family depends on the patient’s social security funds. Your individual personal values do not agree with this because the patient is ventilator dependent, non-responsive to treatment, lacks neurological function and is terminally ill. With this case your ethical values are being affected. Values are the principles that everyone uses to define what is right, good, and just to them. Values provide guidance as it determines the proper thing to do versus what is incorrect. They are our standards, which is the reason why the organizational value should match an individual’s values. Social Responsibility The founder of Cancer Centers of America or CTCA Cancer Treatment Center of  America, Richard J. Stephenson, definitely felt he had a social responsibility for all those in need of care. He felt as if there was not enough compassion, attention and nurturing, to those that were going through physical and emotional changes. Because his mother passed away due to cancer, he felt that it was needed to introduce an all-around care facility that provided surgery, chemotherapy, nutrition, mind-body medicine, and spiritual support (Cancer Center of America). Through their website, they host a community Question’s and Answer’s online that is answered by doctors and clinical experts about questions that you have related to cancer. They also have an 800 number that you can call with your questions related to your cancer, location information and their services. On their website there are cancer survivors stories that you can read/watch that go into full detail about their experience at the facilities. I believe that when you share your vision of making something or someone better, your mission as how you will get there and making a promise to utilize all your resources to try, simply try, on making someone else’s life a little bit better, that is responsibility in itself. CTCA offers clear information, powerful and thorough treatment options, all based on your needs. They honor your courage, respect your decisions, and offer to share your journey of healing and hope. The Mission of Cancer Treatment Centers of America ® is the home of integrative and compassionate cancer care. We never stop searching for and providing powerful and innovative therapies to heal the whole person improve quality of life and restore hope. The vision at the CTCA is to be recognized and trusted by people living with cancer as the premier center for healing and hope. Lastly, they promise you and your healing are at the center of our hearts, minds and actions every day. We rally our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit (Cancer Center of America). Conclusion The Cancer Treatment Centers of America is the home of integrative and compassionate cancer care. Their goal is to serve cancer patients with the best care possible, the most advanced technology, the most recent studies, and the most nurturing staff. At CTCA they believe there is not one way to beat cancer – there are hundreds. According to Garrett, Baillie, and  McGeehan (2010), the health care professional is obliged to protect patients from harm as much as is possible (Chapter 12). The teams of cancer experts include oncologists, surgeons and other clinicians who meet regularly to discuss the progress of each patient’s treatment. The ethical decisions that each member of the medical staff make are in the absolute best interest of the cancer patients and their treatment. The Cancer Treatment Center treats all types of cancer, and makes you feel welcome from the first day you arrive. They offer clear information, powerful and thorough treatment options, based on patient’s needs, as they are at the center of the hearts, minds, and every day actions of the dedicated staff (Cancer Treatment Center of America, 2013). References Cancer Treatment Centers of America. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cancercenter.com/about-us/ Cancer Treatment Centers of America. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cancercenter.com/patient-experience/your-treatment/cancer-experts Garrett, T.M., Baillie, H.W., & McGeehan, J.F. (2010). Health Care Ethics (5th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.